Putnam Strategic Intermediate Municipal Fund Q4 2025 Commentary

U.S. stocks experienced a significant downturn, primarily driven by a broad sell-off in artificial intelligence (AI) related companies. The Nasdaq index led these declines, with many AI infrastructure providers suffering steep, double-digit percentage falls. This market rout was reportedly initiated by developments concerning China's DeepSeek. A prominent example of the impact was Nvidia, whose stock price dropped by a substantial 16%. The overall market sentiment turned bearish, especially for the technology sector heavily reliant on AI innovation.

Israel has significantly escalated the ongoing Middle East conflict by expanding its attacks to include Iranian oil storage facilities. In direct retaliation, Iran has targeted critical infrastructure within Bahrain and Kuwait. This marks a dangerous new phase, as both sides are now striking key energy assets and national infrastructure. The widening scope of the conflict to include major oil-producing nations' facilities suggests a significant increase in regional instability. This escalation is poised to have substantial global economic repercussions, particularly for energy markets.

The U.S. has ordered non-emergency government staff to leave Saudi Arabia, signaling escalating tensions in the region. This directive comes as the Iran war reportedly spreads, intensifying geopolitical instability. Global markets reacted sharply to the news, particularly in the energy sector. Oil prices surged above $110 per barrel, reflecting heightened supply concerns and risk premiums. This development suggests significant economic ripple effects and increased market uncertainty.